提高模式分辨率后热带气旋生成迟缓的原因分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵静娴  吴立广  段晶晶 《大气科学学报》2019,42(5):680-694

利用目前国际上最先进的中尺度WRF模式模拟热带气旋生成,网格分辨率从9 km增加到3 km,3 km网格中积云参数化方案不起作用,依靠微物理方案来模拟对流尺度系统特征,模式中热带气旋的生成过程变得迟缓。当低压扰动发展到一定程度后再加入3 km网格,生成过程有加快趋势。本研究针对该现象进行分析。结果表明:只用微物理方案使低层(950～700 hPa)风速的垂直切变减小,不利于对流发展;切变减小主要是由于动量垂直输送项的差异所致。在加入细网格的6 h内,低层对流尺度(减去区域平均)的动量垂直输送量平均增加了一倍,某些时刻达到了5倍以上;动量混合增加是由于微物理方案模拟的垂直速度增加所致。此外,只用微物理方案导致对流有效位能迅速被消耗。低层垂直切变和对流有效位能的减小都不利于对流发展,从而导致热带气旋生成发展过程迟缓。本研究表明,目前WRF中的微物理方案在模拟热带气旋生成过程中的对流发展时仍然存在问题。  相似文献   

积雪升华过程对高寒湿地陆气相互作用的影响     

张海宏  苏永玲  姜海梅  晁红艳  苏文将 《冰川冻土》2018,40(6):1223-1230

利用青海玉树隆宝地区2014年12月积雪升华过程的观测资料,分析了积雪升华过程中高寒湿地陆气相互作用特征及积雪深度对陆气相互作用的影响。结果表明：在降雪和积雪升华过程中,高寒湿地浅层土壤温度在短时期内有所升高,而深层土壤温度和土壤体积含水量对降雪过程的响应不敏感。积雪升华过程中净辐射、感热通量和潜热通量的日平均值增加,向上短波辐射的日平均值减少。积雪逐渐升华导致地表吸收的能量增加,同时地表向大气传递的能量也随之增加。随着积雪的逐步升华,感热占比和潜热占比逐渐升高,而土壤热通量占比和热储存占比逐渐降低。积雪深度增加会导致地表反照率和地表比辐射率增大,感热输送系数减小。  相似文献   

陕西凤太矿集区多金属成矿作用的构造控制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王义天  陈绍聪  胡乔青  张娟  刘协鲁  黄诗康 《岩石学报》2018,34(7):1959-1976

陕西凤县-太白(简称凤太)矿集区铅、锌、金、银、铜多金属资源丰富,已发现二十余个大中小型矿床。在大地构造位置上,凤太矿集区位于南秦岭造山带北缘,紧邻商丹缝合带。以往的工作缺乏对矿集区整体的构造研究,本次工作通过比较系统的构造测量和解析,提出在南秦岭晚三叠世碰撞造山过程中,凤太矿集区南北两条边界断裂带的左行走滑运动导致在区内衍生了NNE向主压应力场,从而形成了NWW向复式褶皱、脆韧性剪切带、断裂和节理(纵向破裂)、B型线理,以及NNE向断裂和节理(横向破裂)、劈理、张裂隙等一系列构造组合,所有构造形迹都是在统一构造应力场下随着构造层次不断抬升,脆韧性和脆性递进变形叠加的产物,共同构成了一个大型压扭性走滑双重构造变形系统。在构造几何学上,凤太矿集区整体上表现为一个隔档式复式褶皱,由一组NWW向紧闭复背斜和一组相对宽缓复向斜组成。区内的多金属成矿作用、岩浆活动、动力变质变形作用的同位素年龄数据集中于230~190Ma。综合地质演化和成矿作用的研究成果,提出在南秦岭碰撞造山过程中引发的动力变质变形作用和岩浆活动提供了成矿元素和成矿流体,在温压梯度以及浮力效应的驱动下向上运移至走滑双重构造变形系统中的有利扩容空间中发生充填型和交代型矿化,即凤太矿集区多金属矿床是区域大规模变形变质-岩浆活动-流体作用的产物,是在构造作用这一主导因素控制下形成的一个多金属后生热液成矿系统。  相似文献   

黄河口清水沟河道的冲淤过程与模拟          下载免费PDF全文

郑珊  吴保生  周云金  王开荣  韩沙沙 《水科学进展》2018,29(3):322-330

为揭示黄河口清水沟河道长时段的冲淤演变规律并建立其冲淤计算方法,分析了清水沟1976—2015年的时空冲淤演变过程,采用河床演变的滞后响应模型,考虑河口来水来沙及河道延伸与蚀退的影响,建立了清水沟累计冲淤量的计算方法。结果表明:1976—1980年改道初期清水沟改道点上游先冲后淤,改道点下游淤滩塑槽,淤积量随着下游河道展宽而增加,1980年后改道点上、下游河道冲淤过程趋于一致;受水沙条件等因素影响,1980—1986年清水沟主槽冲刷展宽,之后主槽淤积萎缩;1996年清八改汊和2002年小浪底水库"调水调沙"原型试验以来,河道转淤为冲,2002年后河道冲刷速率随时间指数衰减;河床演变的滞后响应模型可计算清水沟长时段的冲淤过程,该方法可为预测未来清水沟冲淤演变趋势提供科学参考。  相似文献   

Progress in the Application of Ground Gravity Observation Data in Earthquake Prediction     

Jinglun Mao  Yiqing Zhu 《地球科学进展》2018,33(3):236-247

The mechanism of earthquake inoculation and the process of earthquake occurrence are very complicated. Additionally, earthquakes do not happen very often, and we lack enough cognition to the earth’s interior structure, activity regularity and other key elements. As a result, research progress about the theory of earthquake precursors has been greatly restricted. Ground gravity observation has become one of the main ways to study earthquake precursor information in many countries and regions. This paper briefly summarized the surface gravity observation technology and observation network in China: the surface gravity measurement instrument developed from Huygens physical pendulum in seventeenth Century to today’s high-precision absolute gravimeter, and its accuracy reached to ±1×10^-8 m/s². China has successively established the National Gravity Network, Digital Earthquake Observation Network of China,the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China Ⅰ and the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, to provide a public platform for monitoring non tidal gravity change, seismic gravity and tectonic movement. The use of specific examples illustrated the role of gravity observation data in earthquake prediction. The gravity observation data of ground gravity can be used to capture the information of gravity change in the process of strong earthquake inoculation, and to provide an important basis for the long-term prediction of strong earthquakes. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the regional gravity field and its relation to strong earthquakes were analyzed: Before the earthquake whose magnitude is higher than M_S 5, generally there will be a large amplitude and range of gravity anomaly zones. Strong earthquakes occur mainly in areas where the gravity field changes violently. The dynamic change images of gravity field can clearly reflect the precursory information of large earthquakes during the inoculation and occurrence. Finally, the existing problems of surface gravity technology in earthquake precursor observation were put forward and the use of gravity measurement data in earthquake prediction research was prospected.  相似文献   

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)     

Emily Keeble  David I. Whiteside  Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

风成砂沉积和古气候研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王凤之  陈留勤 《沉积与特提斯地质》2018,38(1):71-81

作为一类常见的陆相沉积岩类型,风成砂岩产出于太古代到新生代的岩石记录中。风成砂沉积的形成与古气候、古环境密切相关,因而地质历史中的风成砂沉积是研究古气候和古地理环境的重要窗口。本文回顾了国内外风成砂沉积的研究进展,着重讨论了气候因素控制下风成砂沉积的成因及其形成过程。当前,国际研究注重风成沙丘形成过程的推理和模拟以及风成砂的沉积成岩过程,在风成沙丘形成过程、计算模拟、沉积保存的四维时空模型、风成相等方面取得了许多新认识。鉴于国际研究动态,国内需要在地层记录中鉴别和剖析风成砂的宏观和微观形态特征基础上,加强风成砂沉积动力学过程研究,增强对风成砂沉积(微)环境的理解和认识。  相似文献   

Effects of Environmental Cadmium on Cadmium Accumulation,Oxidative Response,and Microelements Regulation in the Liver and Kidney of Hexagrammos otakii     

HU Fawen  SUN Ming  LI Li  GAO Fengxiang  JIAN Yuxia  WANG Xue  WANG Xiaolong  GUO Wen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):479-485

The effects of cadmium(Cd)on metal accumulation,microelements contents,and antioxidant responses in Hexagram-mos otakii were studied.The fish were exposed to 0.2,2.5,or 10μg L?1 Cd for 12 or 24 days.Then,the concentration of Cd and mi-croelements(Ca,Fe,Zn,and Se)were determined in the liver and kidney.Moreover,the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione-S-transferase(GST),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the liver and kidney were also measured.A continuous accumulation of Cd was observed throughout the experimental period.Cd accumulation was higher in liver than that in the kidney,while Ca and Fe contents were lower in liver than those in the kidney.Cd exposure resulted in a decrease of Ca and Fe concentrations in the kidney,while there was no effect on the liver.Zn and Se remained unaffected with exposure to Cd.Cd exposure induced severe oxidative stress in H.otakii,as indicated by significant induction of the activities of SOD,CAT,and GST,and a simultaneous increase of MDA content.These data show that antioxidant enzymes and mi-croelements contents can be used as potential biomarkers to monitor environmental health in fish.  相似文献   

禁食暂养对卵形鲳鲹有水保活生理响应的影响     

张坤  周结倩  范秀萍  魏帅  孙钦秀  夏秋瑜  刘书成 《广东海洋大学学报》2022,(1)

【目的】探究禁食暂养对卵形鲳鲹有水保活生理响应的影响,为卵形鲳鲹的保活运输奠定基础。【方法】通过测定暂养过程中水体的总氨氮和pH值、卵形鲳鲹血液生理生化指标、肌肉氧化应激指标等的变化,分析确定卵形鲳鲹有水保活的禁食暂养条件。【结果与结论】禁食暂养过程中,随着暂养时间的延长,水体总氨氮含量与pH值显著上升,但在禁食暂养时间为6 h时,其总氨氮质量浓度为3.22 mg/L和pH值为7.80;禁食暂养6 h可以降低或减少卵形鲳鲹的应激,使血液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及皮质醇(Cortisol)、血糖(GLU)、尿素氮(BUN)和总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量处于较低水平,分别为2785.53 U/L、19.04 U/L、158.72 ng/mL、2.98 mmol/L、4.35 mmol/L和4.96 mmol/L;同时减轻了应激带来的肌肉组织氧化损失,使过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量维持在较低水平,分别为6.34 U/L和5.86 mmol/L;卵形鲳鲹适宜的暂养条件为在鱼水比m鱼∶m水=1∶20和(25±1)℃的洁净海水中暂养6 h。  相似文献   

磁源瞬变电磁法应用及其方法技术     

张国鸿  姚南  吴经武 《安徽地质》2005,15(4):285-288,306

归纳磁源瞬变电磁法在地质矿产、地质灾害和工程地质中的勘查应用,并对该方法的野外数据采集、资料处理等方法技术进行了探讨。  相似文献